A Monthly Summary of News and Events
Vol. 1 No. 2 - February 1998
This newsletter is sponsored by EEG Spectrum International, Inc.,
a leader in providing clinical service and training professionals.
Past issues are available at www.eegspectrum.com/newsletter/
Information on how to obtain a free subscription to this newsletter or how to cancel a subscription is given at the end.
The opinions related in this newsletter reflect those of the author only.
Copyright (C) 1998 by David Alan Kaiser. All rights reserved.
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Julie Koopmann NorCal Medical, 4121 Walnut Drive Pleasanton, CA 94566-6629 510-484-0193 David Sudderth, M.D. Neuroscience and Spine Assoc. 8380 Riverwalk Park Blvd, Suite 320 Ft Meyers, FL 33919-8758 941-437-1121; Fax: 941-437-2535 Email: galen@peganet.com William Levin, Ph.D. 585 Broadview Highland Park, IL 60035 W. Roy Evans, M.A., L.P. Orchard Park Bldg. C 6381 Osgood Av. North Stillwater, MN 55082-6118 612 439-2301 Fax: 612 439-7368 Christine Coolidge, R.N., M.A. Long Island Pain & Stress 18 Duckwood Lane Hampton Bays, NY 11946-1115 516 728-9275 Carlos Rios, M.S. Carr. 877 Km 1.6 Camino Las Lomas, RR-2 Buzon 9 Rio Piedras, PR 00926 787-748-9252 Fax: 787-761-3714 Karyn D. Hall, Ph.D. 820 Gessner, Suite 750 Houston, TX 77024 (713) 973-0116 x 104 Fax: (713) 973-0104 Dr Tatia Lee Asst Prof., Univ of Hong Kong Dept. of Psychology Bonham Road, Hong Kong 011 852-2857-8394
Controversies in Neurofeedback (Part 1)
Readers of this newsletter are officially invited to contribute to the "Controversies in Neurofeedback" Forum. Below is a sample of current controversies within the field of neurofeedback. Some are more controversial than others, a few haven't probably hit the radar screen of some practitioners and researchers (e.g., #7, 8).
Visit the forum online at www.eegspectrum.com/html/cforum.htm.
Part 2: To be discussed in a later edition.
What follows are brief sketches of some particularly poignant case histories that speak to these issues. These case histories do not constitute scientific proof in the conventional sense. They are what are called "anecdotal data." However, they are data nonetheless, and difficult to discount. As William James said, "In refutation of the proposition that all crows are black, one only needs to come up with one white crow." In fact, many similar cases stack up behind the ones mentioned below. The cases discussed should serve to enhance the level of interest in this field, although some will no doubt use these data perversely to try to discredit the field. - Siegfried Othmer
We want to solicit your feedback on any condition where you had a case that did or did not successfully remediate (to some degree) with neurofeedback training. There are two ways to add your voice to this forum. Visit the forum online at www.eegspectrum.com/html/cforum.htm or contribute via email by sending a message to webmaster@eegspectrum.com, including a description of your case history. Please include enough information as possible so readers are clear about the specifics of your case.
EFFECTIVE WITH YOUNG CHILDREN
A 13-month-old child diagnosed with cerebral palsy was started on EEG biofeedback training. After one year, the diagnosis of cerebral palsy was withdrawn. The child is now age four, and his progress with the training has continued.
A child of two and a half years old with cerebral palsy, who, according to his parents, "..had never expressed any interest in his legs," was brought in to an EEG Spectrum International office for training. Within ten sessions, he was able to walk unaided from one side of the waiting room to the other.
A 3-year-old "drug baby" was brought to an EEG Spectrum International Office directly from a psychiatric hospital. He was aggressive, and exhibited three-hour crying spells. After only three training sessions, his crying spells were down to a few minutes, and after ten sessions, his caretaker said that he was acting like a normal three-year-old. He was successfully placed in a foster home.
A five-year old adopted child with fetal alcohol syndrome was brought in to an EEG Spectrum International office for EEG training. Initially, he did not want to have anything to do with the training. His mother was desperate. The child was destroying the family, and she thought he would have to be returned to "the system". After EEG training, the child received student of the week awards at his school, and there was no further thought of his leaving the family. Upon checking up with the family years later, it turns out that the boy continues to do well.
Boy of age 6, from Puerto Rico, the second most hyperactive child seen in thirty years by this practitioner: heroic 50-day treatment, first 36 sessions three times per day, then two times a day. Behavior totally normalized. It was recommended he come back the following summer for a tune-up. However, this turned out to be unnecessary.
6-year-old boy, the third most hyperactive youngster seen in 30 years of practice; complicated by neglect and abuse in first four years of life. Complete normalization of behavior and school success was achieved in 60 training sessions.
EFFECTIVE WITH ELDERLY
"I am a woman of 89 years. I started with EEG Spectrum International biofeedback training in August the eighth of 1995. I had trouble sleeping. It might be well to mention that I had been taking sleeping pills for the past 50 years. I took them every night. After about ten sessions with you I was able to stop taking the sleeping pills and I haven't taken any since. I have been freed from a habit that I was convinced that I would have to continue for the rest of my life."
With only nine training sessions, an eighty-year-old man was able to recover his verbal skills to the point that his wife said, "You have given me my husband back".
A recent review of 42 middle aged+ clients (age 40-79y, mean 50.7) who underwent 20 or more sessions of neurofeedback at EEG Spectrum International produced significant improvements in inattention, impulsivity, and response variability measures of the TOVA.
QUICK RESPONSES
A man who had been nearly electrocuted three years before in an accident, and who had been suicidally depressed since, came to EEG Spectrum International for training after becoming non-responsive to pain medications. After six training sessions, he became sufficiently pain-free to resume his professional life.
A person was referred to EEG Spectrum International with fibromyalgia. After ten training sessions, he came in to the office and pronounced himself to be completely pain-free.(The training had to be continued in order for him to consolidate his gains, but his first pain-free experience came early in the training.)
A child that was scheduled for brain surgery for intractable seizures came to EEG Spectrum International for brainwave training. After less than two months, and with less than twenty training sessions, he became totally seizure-free. The surgery was cancelled. 2/96
A child diagnosed with autism was given EEG training. After the end of the second session, the child started talking. Many more sessions were needed, but a breakthrough had clearly already occurred early on in the training. (Moreover, it is clear that the child had already acquired some language skills, although he did not use them.)
One clinician reported that over the past several months he has seen three people in his office who were acutely suicidal, and they would ordinarily have required hospitalization. In each of these cases, a single session of EEG training aborted the suicidal experience and allowed them to return home.
A woman came in for training for her migraines, and she happened to have a migraine at the time of her first training session. After only three minutes of EEG training, the migraine headache was gone.
A woman who happened to be in our EEG Spectrum International office, and who had never done EEG training before, started developing an aura, which presaged the onset of her usual migraines within about twenty minutes. She was asked to try the training for her migraines. Within minutes, her aura was aborted, and she did not get her usual migraine headache.
A nine-year-old was brought in for EEG training for hyperactivity. As it turns out, he still regularly wet his bed at night. After only a single training session, he stopped wetting his bed.(Of course the training continued in the usual fashion for a number of sessions.)
Such rapid changes do beg the question whether each condition would have remediated spontaneously on its own. That is why such anecdotal evidence must be viewed with some skepticism. SOME skepticism -- not total skepticism. Despite what many scientists would have you think, the scientific processes is more about finding out what is right with a model or theory or experimental design as it is finding out what is wrong. The best scientists are those who recognize concepts amid ambiguities. (And the worst scientists are those who recognize ambiguities where there are none.)
VARIETY OF CONDITIONS
The above cases already reflect the spectrum of psychological, neurological, psychiatric, and somatic conditions that can be impacted by neurofeedback. Establishing the effectiveness for each condition in the minds of the scientific community, however, is where the controversy lies as most clinical researchers demand extremely rigid experimentation for proof of an intervention's effectiveness, especially when faced with treatments that they did not learn about in grad school.
Brief recap of the conditions mentioned above: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Cerebral Palsy, Insomnia, Autism, Suicidal Depression, Dementia, Epilepsy, Traumatic Brain Injury, & Chronic Pain. Other conditions with clinical reports or published articles include ADHD (of course), Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Autoimmune dysfunction, Tourette's Sydrome, and Learning disabilities.
Additional cases from EEG Spectrum International:
Conduct Disorder: A 17-year old was referred to EEG training after many years of school failure and behavior problems. After 40 training sessions, his grade point average improved from 0.5 to 2.8. The conduct problem was resolved as well. In one instance, in which a kid turned on him at school, which would previously have led to a fight, he instead brushed it off, and was able to talk about it with his parents later, asking their advice on how to handle such a situation.
Nocturnal teeth-grinding (bruxism): A child was brought in for EEG training for Attention Deficit Disorder. However, parents reported that he also ground his teeth at night--so loud that it could be heard in the adjacent room. After only six training sessions, the teeth grinding stopped.
Hair-pulling (trichotillomania): A child who was already under medical management of Tourette Syndrome was brought to EEG Spectrum International for Tourette's. The most irritating behavior was that of hair-pulling. The child had no eyelashes or eyebrows. After EEG training, the child was able to stop pulling, and his eyelashes and eyebrows returned. Upon inquiring with the parents years later, it was found that the gains had been retained. There was no more problem with hair- pulling.
Panic Disorder: A woman who had been under medical, psychiatric, and psychological care for ten years for panic disorder, with numerous hospitalizations, medications, psychotherapy, and even conventional biofeedback, came to an EEG Spectrum International office for EEG training. After only eight training sessions, she declared that she never thought she would ever feel this good again in her life. She no longer has panic attacks, and all other therapies could be terminated.
Bipolar Disorder: A person who had a long-term history of cycling with a 24-hour period between mania and depression, despite the best medical management, came to an EEG Spectrum International Office for brainwave training. After only twenty-two sessions of training, the cycling stopped completely.
STANDS ALONE AS A THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION
What is an effective treatment for fetal alcohol syndrome? Exactly.... The case briefly described above of the five-year old adopted child with FAS demonstrates the possibility that neurofeedback may be one of the best, if not the best, treatments for this difficult condition.
A woman who had been hit on the back of the head by a falling piece of furniture in a department store lost her vision as a result over the subsequent two weeks. After a year of functional blindness, with no one able to help her (medical or alternative) she came for EEG biofeedback training at EEG Spectrum International. After no more than 14 training sessions, and in less than two months, she recovered her vision. In fact, it cleared up on Christmas Eve 1995 in time for her to take her children Christmas shopping. Her chronic pain also remediated, and her emotions returned.
A man came to an EEG Spectrum International office for his migraines. He had a migraine history going back some twenty-five years. As soon as Imitrex came on the market, he used it on a weekly basis. From the very first EEG biofeedback training session on, he no longer needed the Imitrex, and after eighteen training sessions, he no longer reported any migraines.
A man was referred to EEG biofeedback five years after a left- side stroke that affected his speech, gait, balance, and right- hand function. He came in using a cane, could not use all the letters of the alphabet, and could not use his right hand. All other therapies had been terminated. After numerous training sessions, he was able to use his right hand, to speak haltingly, and even to resume skiing.
"My son has been a severe stutterer since the age of three. He
has been in speech therapy since the age of five and now he is 10
years old. We were told that his type of speech disfluency is very
rare and can't be helped. Basically, he would talk fine, then it
was like his tongue forgot how to work. his turned into spastic
motions with his face and into tics.
As noted above, neurofeedback is typically not the first treatment tried by most patients or parents. For many it is the last, after years of failures with more conventional treatments.
List: about $100; Hard cover, 1447 pages, MIT Press, 1995
Sections: Molecular & Cellular Plasticity; Neural & Psychological Development; Sensory systems; Strategies & Planning: Motor Systems; Attention; Memory; Language; Thought & Imagery; Emotion; Evolutionary Perspectives; Consciousness.
The most exciting and promising field in psychology today is cognitive neuroscience. The goal of cognitive neuroscience is to identify and describe the underlying biological processes of the mind. As Michael Gazzaniga sets out in the preface of this volume, "at some point in the future, cognitive neuroscience will be able to describe the algorithms that (result) in perception, cognition, and perhaps even consciousness." This 14447-page tome, consisting of 92 journal articles, provides an exhaustive foundation upon which to build toward this objective. Neurofeedback should be one of the major beneficiaries of this field as it matures and achieves these objectives. Of particular interest to neurofeedback clinicians and investigators today will be the sections on attention, memory, language, and emotion as well as individual articles on frontal lobe damae, learning, and hemispheric asymmetries. This volume begins at the neuron and ends with the obligatory (but useful!) "explanation of consciousness" chapter. This encyclopedia of psychophysiological mechanisms is heavy on empirical results, but it is also filled with clear theoretical discussions. This volume will act as a powerful reference tool well into the first decade of the next century, and possibly longer -- just don't drop it on your foot! - Reviewed by David Kaiser
List: $15.95; Paperback, 271 pages
Published by J P Tarcher on January 1, 1997
Synopsis:
Using the latest scientific research and dozens of case histories, Wise shows readers how the four types of brainwaves--beta, alpha, theta, and delta--communicate with each other to pass information between the conscious and unconscious mind to help them become more productive and creative and sharpen their powers of intuition and perception.
"Adults with ADD talk about how the disorder that went undiagnosed for so many years has affected their choice of spouses and work, and what they have found to help them. Biofeedback, which is growing as a treatment, is explained and demonstrated. Medical treatments like antidepressants and stimulants are discussed, along with behavioral changes that can help the person with ADD and his or her spouse and family. Psychiatrists John Ratey and Ned Hallowell, who have written two books on the subject, provide background and perspective. "
To order the 28 min VHS tape, see
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~drisin/order.html
For more information, contact: Heidi.L.Berry@Hitchcock.org,
Department of Visual Media, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756
(603) 643-7400 (Voice), (603) 643-7404 (Fax)
The dramatic growth in the number of children labeled as having Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) has been largely man-made. Our program--and subsequent coverage of the issue on ABC, NBC, CBS, CNN and NPR--seems to have slowed down the 'bandwagon.'
Since 1988, Ciba-Geigy, maker of the popular ADD drug Ritalin, has quietly propped up the national ADD 'support group' CHADD (for Children and Adults with ADD) with more than $1 million in grants and valuable services. As we reported, CHADD has been distributing misleading information to hundreds of thousands of parents and teachers that exaggerates the benefits of drug therapy, including Ritalin. The result: a 500% increase in the number of children labeled and medicated since 1990.
Our reporting produced results: the Drug Enforcement Administration put a stop to CHADD's efforts to relax controls on Ritalin, the US Department of Education withdrew videos that we discovered had been taken over by CHADD's leadership, and CHADD appears to have lost thousands of members; according to Newsweek, 200 families dropped out of the Queens Chapter alone.
To purchase a VHS copy, please call 1-212-941-8060
Los Angeles Times articles - at www.latimes.com:
"Brain wave technology has medical benefits"
Sunday, October 8, 1995 - Business - Letters to the Editor
"Tuning In to Concentrate; Proponents say that EEG biofeedback can benefit
children with Attention Deficit Disorder. But critics still have doubts about
the treatments."
Sunday, October 4, 1992 -Section: View
"Positive feedback; 2 O.C. doctors use obscure therapy on children with Attention Disorder"
Sunday, September 6, 1992 - Orange County Edition - View
"Positive view of biofeedback"
Tuesday, July 14, 1992 - Valley Edition - Metro - Letters to the Editor
"FOR KIDS; Thought Provoking; Siegfried Othmer says brain-wave training can
help children with learning disabilities and other disorders."
Friday, June 19, 1992 - Valley Edition - Section A
LOVE, THEY say, makes the world go 'round. But all it takes is a little glitch in brain chemistry to wreak havoc on your love life and spin your world out of control.
Denver Broncos star running back Terrell Davis isn't a poster child for migraine headaches. But when he's sitting on the sideline, hands on head, face contorted in agony, he might as well be.
After nine years of freebasing cocaine, Gregory Todd says he owes his clean lifestyle to a new therapy that uses soothing musical tones to stimulate brain waves. ``I found me again,'' said Todd, of Sunrise, who last fall received the therapy -- known as neurofeedback -- at the Share drug rehabilitation center operated by Memorial Healthcare System.
Denver Broncos' star running back Terrell Davis isn't a poster child for migraine headaches. But when he's sitting on the sideline, hands on head, face contorted in agony, he might as well be. Davis isn't alone in his misery. More than 23 million Americans suffer from migraines, which are to an ordinary headache what World War II was to the invasion of Grenada.
Michael Stuck bounced through first grade like Tigger the tiger from ``Winnie the Pooh.'' ``He couldn't pay attention and was very impulsive,'' says his mother, Tammy Stuck, president of the Colorado Springs Chapter of Children and Adults With Attention Deficit Disorders.
Michael Stuck bounced through first grade like Tigger the tiger from ``Winnie the Pooh.'' ``He couldn't pay attention and was very impulsive,'' says his mother, Tammy Stuck, president of the Colorado Springs Chapter of Children and Adults With Attention Deficit Disorders. ``His teacher chalked it up to immaturity and suggested we hold him back.''
At the end of Michael's second trip through first grade, however, he still had no self-control. His teacher recommended he be evaluated for Att
Not every super-hyperactive child with a concentration problem belongs on Ritalin. Cindy Piszczek realized that fact whenever her son, who has attention deficit disorder, displayed a peculiar form of behavior that she associated with his medication.
The answer: False. According to the National Institutes of Health, 425 million visits were made in 1990 to U.S. alternative health practitioners, compared to 388 million to conventional primary care physicians. An estimated 61 million Americans used an alternative therapy and 22 million saw an alternative medicine provider for a principal medical condition. What's more, the cost of all those trips to alternative caregivers, an estimated $13.7 billion, were mostly paid out of pocket, as alternative medicine is often not covered by medical insurance. A recent managed care poll revealed that 70% of all plans are reporting increased requests for alternative therapies from members
Thread subject Newsgroup ----------------------- ------------------------ med: neurotherapy? alt.med.cfs Spontaneous auditory hab. alt.support.tinnitus Neurofeedback alt.support.ibs Neurofeedback alt.support.attn-deficit Information Request bit.listserv.tbi-supportHere was part of my contribution to attn-deficit thread:
Here is a simple model of the brain taught to me by Joe Bogen -- and it is my new year's gift to everyone in this newsgroup who is still in college. With this knowledge you will essentially be able to skip over Neurophysiology 101.
The brain consists of inhibitory systems that inhibit inhibitory systems which inhibit inhibitory systems. (See David McCormick's work, for instance, for a clear and very cool presentation on neuronal feedback loops - http://info.med.yale.edu/neurobio/mccormick/seminar/seminar.htm).
In brief, I believe that neurofeedback impacts psychopathology and cortical dysfunction by means of the following steps:
Step 1. Neurofeedback provides an external feedback loop that can come under some volitional control.
Step 2. This feedback loop impinges on the extensive feedback loops inherent in the thalamocortical circuitry.
Step 3. The therapist uses these feedback loops to tweak your brain...
(Obviously further research is needed to understand Step 3. See Abarbanel or Sterman 1996, below, for their elaborate and interesting theories on brain "tweaking")
The training also includes the all-important practicum section which focuses on actual operation and use of instrumentation. Additionally, opportunity is provided outside the formal curriculum for practitioners to experience training on themselves as well as discussing professional issues, marketing, and the particulars of establishing a financially successful practice based on this modality.
Faculty: Siegfried Othmer, Ph.D., BCIAC; Susan Othmer, BCIAC ; M. Barry Sterman, Ph.D. ; Nancy White, Ph.D. ; Julian Isaacs, Ph.D. ; Pat Fields, Psy.D. ; Martin Wuttke, BCIAC ; William Scott, BSW, CCDP BCIAC - Certified by the Biofeedback Certification Institute of America
| LOCATION | DATES | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scottsdale, AZ
| Feb 19-23, 1998
| No.Miami, FL
| Mar 5- 9, 1998
| Encino, CA
| Mar 26-30, 1998
| St. Louis, MO | Apr 16-20, 1998
| Atlanta, GA | May 14-18, 1998
| Encino, CA | Jun 6- 8, 1998
| Toronto, ONT | Jun 14-18, 1998
| |
| TOPICS COVERED |
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| EEG Biofeedback Theory: Neurophysiological Basis; Research History |
| Clinical Applications: Assessment, Protocol Selection, Practicum & Case Review |
| Specialty Applications: For Behavior Modification & Performance Enhancement |
| COST (5-Day Course): $895.00
Additional Attendees from Same Facility: 30% discount Reattendees: $200.00 |
To enroll, contact Dennis Campbell
or call EEG Spectrum International at 800-789-3456 or (818) 788-2083.
Please include your name and phone number in all email messages.
Conferences for Neurofeedback Clinicians & Researchers | ||
|---|---|---|
| CONFERENCE | LOCATION | DATES |
| Futurehealth (see below) | Palm Springs | Feb 6-10, 1998
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| Learning Disabilities Assn | Washington, DC | Mar 11-14, 1998
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| Calif. Psych. Assn | Pasadena | Mar 26-29, 1998
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| Assoc. for Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback (see below) | Orlando, FL | Apr 1-5, 1998
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| Society for the Study of Neuronal Regulation (see below) | Austin, TX | September 10 - 13 |
February 6-10, Palm Springs CA
Pre-conference: Feb 5 Neurofeedback Foundations Course & Optimal Functioning Meeting
For more information on this conference http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/SMILE/97brainm.htm
Conference includes programs on geriatrics, respiratory physiology, stress management education, optimal performance, new technology, and biofeedback applications in school settings: Workshops and Short Courses
Contact AAPB for further information
10200 W. 44th Ave., Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
1-800-477-8892
e-mail aapb@resourcenter.com
www.aapb.org
"CALL FOR PAPERS": The Society for the Study of Neuronal Regulation (SSNR) is seeking original research papers for presentation at the 1998 SSNR Conference in Austin Texas, September 10 - 13.
Research papers will be given either as a forty minute presentation, twenty minute presentation, or poster presentation. We are also seeking workshops for the conference of either two or three hour duration. Presenters should submit abstracts of under 300 words, indicating the type of presentation desired (40 minute, 20 minute, or poster or workshop). Entries need to be submitted by via e-mail, fax, or regular mail to David Trudeau, M.D., SSNR Program Chair (see addresses below) as soon as possible (deadline by 1 August 1998). Earlier is better, as last year we quickly filled all our presentation and workshop slots.
David L. Trudeau, MD SSNR Program Chair #4402 168 E. 6th St. St. Paul, MN 55101 Fax 612.725.2292 Voice 612.298.9773 trude003@maroon.tc.umn.edu
All submissions will be reviewed by the program committee and those accepted will be assigned to the program. The program committee will determine the type of presentation for research papers (40 minute, 20 minute, or poster) based on the content of the abstract, the judgement of the committee and the preference of the presentor. Every attempt will be made to notify presentors of their position/time on the program by August 15.
Children learn mindfulness, they are not born with this skill. Children learn that much of the brain's behaviors exist in an interior space. (Space and interiority are themselves simply metaphors we attach to our brain's behavior due to the vastness and variety of its contents, much like the earth's, and its inaccessibilty to others, much like a closed room or drawer.) Like any skill, the human mind must be modelled for children by adults and older children, those who have already acquired it. That this process occurs is readily witnessed in young children by their failings, having not yet acquired our particular concept of mind in its entirety (e.g., they exhibit signs of egocentrism, solipsism, belief in psychic powers, etc). Fortunately, most children, if they are healthy and happy, rapidly acquire their culture's model to a good extent and then use it to organize their experiences and understand others. But if circumstances exist which hinder or interrupt this prolonged learning process, the seeds of psychopathology are sown. That life is worthless, that the world exists only because of you or exists apart from you, that other people glorify or villify your existence, that other people can inject their thoughts into you or withdraw your thoughts out of you; all of these projections about brain behavior conflict with the consensusal representation of mind and subsequently induce inappropriate and unpredictable behaviors in the individuals who possess them.
The relevancy of this argument to neurofeedback, a method for helping individuals learn to regulate brain function, is this: Our mental health, the contents of the mind, and the structure itself, were not prefabricated by our genes nor are they an amalgamation of fears, instincts, and the unconscious; instead they are the product of volutional learning. And as every Skinnerian knows, what is learned can be unlearned.
David Kaiser
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