What's New in Neurofeedback

A Monthly Summary of News and Events

Vol. 3 No. 5 - May 2000

This newsletter is sponsored by EEG Spectrum International, Inc.,
a leader in providing clinical service and training professionals.

Past issues are available at www.eegspectrum.com/newsletter/
Information on how to subscribe or cancel a subscription appear at the end.
The opinions related in this newsletter reflect those of the author only.
Copyright (C) 2000 by EEG Spectrum International, Inc. All rights reserved.



  • Announcements  - Neurobiology of ADHD
  • In the Spotlight   - The Din of Rose Petals
  • News & Reviews - Books, journal papers, of interest
  • Events & Locations - Conferences, Courses; New clinicians / offices
  • Last Word               - "A Symphony in the Brain: The Evolution of the New Brain Wave Biofeedback"

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    Announcements

     


    In the Spotlight

    The Din of Rose Petals

    According to the early 20th century poet Don Marquis: "Publishing a volume of verse is like dropping a rose petal down the Grand Canyon and waiting for the echo." Sometimes publishing scientific work feels the same. Depending upon the receptivity of one's audience, the unconventionality of one's work, the career entrenchment of one's peers, a response when it comes, if it ever does, is underwhelming. For instance, 30 years ago Barry Sterman discovered that SMR biofeedback was effective in reducing the incidence and severity of seizures in epileptics, but instead of training the gray matter that malfunctions, or its neighbors, neurologists and neurosurgeons continue to cut it away. Temporal lobectomies and other costly remedies, in both dollars and flesh, remain on the rise. They have yet to hear the echo.

    Two recent publications should make some noise for neurofeedback. This month Jim Robbins, a free lance reporter, publishes a popular book on the history and current state of this field (see Last Word, below). Although this petal is meant for the general public, it may resound a bit with mental health professionals as their clients ask about and request the new therapy they've read about. But a rose petal can only be so heavy, and likewise a popular book's impact on the professional domain. Fortunately a weighter object was hurled into the abyss this January. The January 2000 issue of the journal Clinical EEG was entirely dedicated to neurofeedback research. Sixty slendor pages, not very heavy to lift, but it should make a thump when it strikes the base.

    The issue consists of a brief editorial followed by seven review articles. Each review focuses on a single disorder or syndrome treated by neurofeedback. The editorial, written by Frank Duffy, MD, a highly respected scientist and director of the Developmental Neurophysiology Laboratory at Harvard's Childrens Hospital in Boston, may prove to have the greatest impact of all the ink splashed onto these pages. It may lure eyes and minds into the issue, helping to get this thin volume into the hands of those scientists and clinicians who remain ignorant of this promising technique.

    "In my opinion, if any medication had demonstrated such a wide spectrum of efficacy it would be universally accepted and widely used" (Duffy, 2000).

    That says it all, doesn't it? Why neurofeedback is not "universally accepted and widely used" is probably due partly to the mottled history of biofeedback, a lack of major financial incentives and patentable ideas in the field, and competition from highly profitable (read pharmaceutical) establishments. Yet the greatest hurdle may be mental -- a mental block in the minds of practitioners and the public. Science is replete with similar mental blocks -- an idea is implausible until it is inevitable and obvious. Paradigms do not slouch towards Harvard (or Bethesda) to be born; they are tsunamis that build to insufferable heights before crashing down on everyone's heads. So don't look up. Can we accept an exercise model over a surgical model for remediating neurological and psychiatric dysfunction? Soon, perhaps, but not today....

    Regardless of obstacles, the review articles in this issue are highly recommended for anyone remotely interested in treating mental illness. In the remainder of this essay I'll recount one of the papers (another was detailed in the December 1999 issue of this newsletter).

    David Trudeau presents the history and effectiveness of alpha-theta neurofeedback in treating substance abuse and dependence. In the early '70s Elmer Green at the Meninger Clinic developed a form of alpha-theta training. By reinforcing the pattern of alpha and theta activity produced by experienced meditators during meditation, a state of reverie and relaxation could be induced in an individual. In 1973 Goslinga sought to produce a similar state in addicts, an altered state of reverie during which the addicted patient might be susceptible to the therapist's suggestions (a characterization of the training no longer widely accepted). The use of an altered state was thought to augment psychotherapy as well as to promote individual insight into his or her condition.

    This was not the first attempt to use an altered state for psychotherapeutic purposes. Twenty years earlier Timothy Leary administered a series of experiments which soon became notorious and resulted from his expulsion from Harvard. In the late 50s Leary began to approach seminary students around Boston, requesting that they ingest an unknown (to them) psychotropic substance while secluded in a room, often listening to music and other evocative stimuli. (At least one seminary student at Boston University declined to participate in this experiment -- my father. Later it came out that LSD was the substance used in this early research.) Although both alpha-theta training and the Harvard Psychedelic Project, as Leary called it, share certain similarities including the production of deeply emotional or mystical experiences in some users, the resemblence ends at the mechanism involved. To augment the psychodynamic process, participants in the LSD experiments ingested "consciousness-expanding" chemicals, usually unaware of the inherent dangers and cautions involved with synthetic substances. Once ingested, the mechanisms were no longer under conscious control by the individual, unlike alpha-theta training, which can be stopped by the patient at any time, usually by opening the eyes. Compared to reinforcing endogeneous rhythms, as what happens in alpha-theta training, the LSD (and later psilocybin) experiments involved a very unnatural mechanism for inducing emotional dissociation. Not unlike the surgical and pharmaceutical techniques still in wide use today.

    In the 80s Eugene Peniston developed an elaborate alpha-theta protocol which he used to treat V.A. patients suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder, alcoholism, or both. In conjunction with traditional psychotherapeutic techniques, he reported remarkable results, particularly in terms of remission rates (nearly 0% in some studies, almost unheard of in addiction research). More impressive, these results persisted over lengthy follow-up periods. Since then, other researchers have reported similar successes (Kelly, 1997; Scott & Kaiser, 1998), making the development of alpha-theta training perhaps the most promising addition to substance abuse treatment since Bill W's development of the 12-step process.

    The success stories of neurofeedback, as reviewed in this issue of Clinical EEG, are just as numerous outside of addiction treatment and should amount for more than a few rose petals. Here are the other papers:

    Copies of the journal issue can be purchased for about $22. Contact clinicaleeg@aol.com for more information.

    - David Kaiser

    Further Reading

    Duffy FH. The state of EEG biofeedback therapy (EEG operant conditioning) in 2000: an editor's opinion. Clin Electroencephalogr. 2000 Jan;31(1):V-VII. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?form=6&db=m&uid=10638345

    Gruzelier J. Self regulation of electrocortical activity in schizophrenia and schizotypy: a review. Clin Electroencephalogr. 2000 Jan;31(1):23-9. Review. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?form=6&db=m&uid=10638349

    Moore NC. A review of EEG biofeedback treatment of anxiety disorders. Clin Electroencephalogr. 2000 Jan;31(1):1-6. Review. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?form=6&db=m&uid=10638346

    Nash JK. Treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with neurotherapy. Clin Electroencephalogr. 2000 Jan;31(1):30-7. Review. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?form=6&db=m&uid=10638350

    Rosenfeld JP. An EEG biofeedback protocol for affective disorders. Clin Electroencephalogr. 2000 Jan;31(1):7-12. Review. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?form=6&db=m&uid=10638347

    Sterman MB. Basic concepts and clinical findings in the treatment of seizure disorders with EEG operant conditioning. Clin Electroencephalogr. 2000 Jan;31(1):45-55. Review. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?form=6&db=m&uid=10638352

    Thatcher RW. EEG operant conditioning (biofeedback) and traumatic brain injury. Clin Electroencephalogr. 2000 Jan;31(1):38-44. Review. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?form=6&db=m&uid=10638351

    Trudeau DL. The treatment of addictive disorders by brain wave biofeedback: a review and suggestions for future research. Clin Electroencephalogr. 2000 Jan;31(1):13-22. Review. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?form=6&db=m&uid=10638348

     


    News & Reviews

    NEW BOOKS



    A Symphony in the Brain: The Evolution of the New Brain Wave Biofeedback
    by Jim Robbins
    Development of neurofeedback from its discovery by a small corps of research scientists to its growing application across the country and its present battle for acceptance in the medical & psychological community.

    Attachment and Psychopathology
    by Leslie Atkinson, Kenneth J. Zucker
    General considerations, risk and prediction, and clinical findings on attachment. Includes attachment networks in postdivorce families, intergenerational transmission of attachment, & attachment and childhood behavior problems

    Health Resources Online; A Guide for Mental Health and Addiction Specialists
    by Laurie Sheerer, Colette Kimball, Brian Zevnik
    Guide for professionals.

    Attention Deficit Disorder : A Different Perception
    by Thom Hartmann
    Hartmann has revised his groundbreaking book to include the latest research along with surprising information on studies that link second-hand smoke to disruptive behavior. Also relates the great promise of neurofeedback training for ADD.

    Prozac and the New Antidepressants : What You Need to Know About Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Luvox, Wellbutrin...
    by William S. Appleton
    22 million people currently take Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, and other "new antidepressants". Harvard Med professor William Appleton answers basic questions on side effects, personality changes, drug effects; St. John's Wort.

    Alcoholism, the Facts
    by Donald W. Goodwin
    Excerpts from the scientific literature along with case studies provide a thorough description of this debilitating disorder.

    Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Neuropsychiatry
    by M. S. George, Robert H., M.D. Belmaker
    Comprehensive book on a new field. TMS allows researchers to stimulate the brain to understand how it works. History, physics, safety, and the recent research and clinical work with TMS.

    Anxiety Disorders: Psychological Approaches to Theory and Treatment
    by Michelle Genevieve Craske
    Research developments in cognitive psychology, neuroscience, learning theory, and clinical psychology, as it applies to the nature and treatment of anxiety disorders.

     

     


    JOURNAL PAPERS

    Functional deficits in basal ganglia of children with ADHD shown with fMRI. : ADHD symptoms may be closely tied to functional abnormalities in the putamen, a brain region involved in the regulation of motor behavior. Boys with ADHD had higher T2 relaxation time measures in the putamen bilaterally than healthy control subjects.

      Further info: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?form=6&db=m&uid=10742158

    A name, what's in a name? The medicalization of hyperactivity, revisited. : Raising a hyperactive child can provoke a profound sense of alienation in parents. Medicalization and labeling helps validate and legitimatize parental experiences. It provided a sense of control and improved parent-child relationships. However doctors worried that such medicalization led to scape-goating the child and to self-fulfilling prophecies.

      Further info: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?form=6&db=m&uid=10749390

    A follow-up pilot study of objective measures in children with ADHD : TOVA impulsivity scores improve in children with ADHD but inattention, response time, and response variability do not after a prolonged period of stimulant medication therapy.

      Further info: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?form=6&db=m&uid=10760011

    The neurobiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. : Neuropsychology, neuroimaging, neurochemistry, and molecular genetics evidence supports dysfunction of fronto-striatal dopaminergic and noradrenergic circuits with resultant executive deficits in cognitive functioning.(full text available online)

      Further info: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?form=6&db=m&uid=10762596

    Deficient intracortical inhibition in drug-naive children with ADHD is enhanced by methylphenidate. : Motor system excitability was evaluated in ADHD children using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS); ADHD-children had reduced intracortical inhibition compared to controls.

      Further info: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?form=6&db=m&uid=10771177

    Neuropsychological differentiation of depression and anxiety. : Depression and anxiety were uniquely and jointly associated with perceptual asymmetry. Depression associated with a relative decrease and anxiety with a relative increase in right-posterior activity.

      Further info: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?form=6&db=m&uid=10740930

    Functional Neuroimaging and Quantitative Electroencephalography in Adult Traumatic Head Injury: Clinical Applications and Interpretive Cautions. : An overview of the use of procedures such as positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, and quantitative electroencephalogram in adults for accurate differential diagnosis of mild head trauma.

      Further info: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?form=6&db=m&uid=10739971

    Neuropsychological correlates of domestic violence. : Poor neuropsychological performance was common among batterers and was more predictive of batterer status than all clinical variables measured. Current cognitive status, prior brain injury, childhood academic problems, as well as psychosocial influences, contribute to a propensity for domestic violence.

      Further info: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?form=6&db=m&uid=10751047

    Psychiatric symptoms among clients seeking treatment for drug dependence. : Gender, physical health, drug dependence and personal relationship problems predicted psychiatric symptoms than substance use. Psychiatric symptoms are more closely linked to polydrug use.

      Further info: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?form=6&db=m&uid=10755078

    Gender differences in regional cerebral activity during sadness. : Cerebral correlates of emotional experience in males and females indicates a more focal and subcortical processing of sadness in men.

      Further info: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?form=6&db=m&uid=10770231

    Brain morphological changes and early marijuana use: an MRI and PET study. : Age at which exposure to marijuana begins is important: those who start before 17 show smaller whole brain and percent cortical gray matter and larger percent white matter volumes than those starting after 17.

      Further info: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?form=6&db=m&uid=10772599

     


     

    Events & Locations

    Weekend Advanced Workshops for
    Neurofeedback Professionals

    EEG Spectrum International is offering a series of workshops addressing topics of interest to professionals working in the field of neurofeedback. Class size is limited to 25 to allow for informal interaction.
    Working with Learning and Behavior Problems in a School Setting
    John Anderson Instructor
    Minneapolis, MN     Jun 10-11, 2000
    EEG Biofeedback Instrumentation
    Howard Lightstone Instructor
    Encino CA     July 8-9, 2000
    Therapeutic Techniques, Ethics, Research Principles
    Lisa Cavallaro, Psy.D., Instructor
    Encino CA     Aug 12-13, 2000
    Psychopharmacology, Nutrition, and Neurofeedback
    Bruce Goderez, M.D., Instructor
    Boston, MA     Sep 23-24, 2000

    For information, call EEG Spectrum International at 818-789-3456 x 810 or email training@eegspectrum.com

    Next Comprehensive Course: Philadelphia, PA (4+2) - Jun 15-20
    more info at www.eegspectrum.com/course

    Conferences for Neurofeedback Clinicians & Researchers

    CONFERENCELOCATION DATES
    SNR Minneapolis, MN Sep 20 - 24

     


    New Neurofeedback Clinicians / New Offices

    Angelo Schibeci, PhD
    Josephine Capitani
    Health Plus
    52 Dunmore Street
    Wentworthville NSW Australia 2145
    Phone 612 9631 8944; Fax 612 9631 2984
    shekinah@ihug.com.au
    	
    Wellbeing & Integrated 
       Neurotherapy Srvcs
    10 Dyson Place
    Fairfield West, NSW Australia 2165
    Phone 612 9604 6937; Fax 612 9604 1307  
    
    Dr John Criticos
    79 Silver St
    Merrickville, NSW 2204
    Phone: 61 (0)2 9349 7802
    a8761@ozemail.com.au
    
    Dr. Susan Priest
    Healthcare Systems
    Perth WA
    
    Stephen Dunstone, Psychologist
    33 Dequetteville Terrace
    Kent Town 
    South Australia 5067
    Tel 08 83645342
    Fax 08 83313814
    Mob 0418 843 823
    dunstone@senet.com.au
    
    Dr Peter Thomas
    48 Carrington Street
    Adelaide SA  5000
    Phone: 61 (0)417 849 458
    ttg@iweb.net.au
    
    Brian O'Hanlon
    Psychologist, MAPS
    Fellow (Aust College of Clin Psych)
    PO Box 313
    Coorparoo  Qld  4151
    Phone:(07) 3397 8250
          0419302173
    bohanlon@uq.net.au
    
    Caroline Grierson, RN BSN CBT CNT
    Train Your Brain
    100 UCLA Medical Plaza, Ste 100
    Los Angeles, CA., 90095
    (310) 478-1961
    (310) 264-7246 ext 104
    GrierEEGBF@aol.com
    

     

    Last Word
    A Symphony in the Brain: The Evolution of the New Brain Wave Biofeedback
    by Jim Robbins
    The fascinating, untold story of the development of neurofeedback, from its discovery by a small corps of research scientists to its growing application across the country and around the world, to the contentious history of biofeedback in the 1970s, to present battles for acceptance in the medical and psychological community.
    www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0871138077/top100

    Editorial Review:
    Imagine a simple procedure versatile enough to treat epilepsy, autism, attention-deficit disorder, addictions, and depression with no drugs, surgery, or side effects, and to improve everything from golf scores to sleep to opera singers' voices. These are only some of the capabilities of neurofeedback, a controversial but effective treatment that is growing rapidly in use around the world and is revolutionizing the way an incredibly diverse range of medical and psychological conditions are treated. For more than twenty years a small handful of neurofeedback practitioners have achieved dramatic results in thousands of cases. Using computerized biofeedback equipment and capitalizing on recent scientific research that illustrates the profound plasticity of the brain, clinicians train patients to function in brain frequencies they don't usually use. This exercise strengthens the brain and the rest of the nervous system, with powerful effects on the entire body. Yet, because of the unusual nature of the procedure and the boldness of their claims, proponents of neurofeedback have found it nearly impossible to convince the medical field to take the treatment seriously. This situation, however, is changing. In A Symphony in the Brain, Jim Robbins traces the fascinating, untold story of the development of neurofeedback, from its discovery by a small corps of research scientists to its growing application across the country and around the world, to the contentious history of biofeedback in the 1970s, to present battles for acceptance in the medical and psychological community. He builds a compelling argument for research funding for neurotherapy and shows how almost anyone can gain from the technique. Offering a wealth of powerful case studies, accessible scientific explanations, and dramatic personal accounts, Robbins journeys through a remarkable field, which he brings to the public eye for the first time.