What's New in Neurofeedback

A Monthly Summary of News and Events

Vol. 6 No. 10 - October 2003

This newsletter is sponsored by EEG Spectrum International Intl, Inc.,
a leader in providing clinical service and training professionals.

Past issues are available at start.eegspectrum.com/Newsletter/
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The opinions related in this newsletter reflect those of the author only.
Copyright (C) 2002 by EEG Spectrum International Intl, Inc. All rights reserved.



  • Announcements  - News
  • In the Spotlight     - The Year in Neurofeedback
  • News & Reviews - Books & journal papers
  • Events & Locations - Conferences, Courses
  • Last Word               - Excitation vs Inhibition

  •  

    Announcements


     

    In the Spotlight

    The Year in Neurofeedback

    Neurofeedback papers this past year, excluding the Journal of Neurotherapy, which is dedicated to neurotherapy -- http://www.snr-jnt.org.

  • The popular magazines "Futurist"(Nov/Dec2003) and New Scientist (August 2nd, 2003) included briefs on neurofeedback.

  • Martens WHJ (2003). Multisystemic therapy for antisocial juveniles: suggestions for improvement. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 108, 318. --The author recommends a combination of psychotherapeutic, neurologic and neurofeedback treatment be used for treating antisocial personality disorders in juveniles.

  • Bearden, TS, Cassisi, JE, & Pineda, M (2003). Neurofeedback training for a patient with thalamic and cortical infarctions. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 28, 241-253. --Neurofeedback training to inhibit 4-8 Hz theta activity was conducted for 42 sessions from left hemisphere sites, producing significant reductions in theta amplitude at training sites and relative normalization of QEEG at the left posterior head region.

  • Pop-Jordanova N, Pop-Jordanov, J, Dimitrovski, D, & Markovska, N. (2003). Brain-wave Dynamics Related to Cognitive Tasks and Neurofeedback Information Flow. AIP Conference Proceedings, 676, 379. --Focuses on brain-wave dynamics related to cognitive tasks and neurofeedback information flow.

  • Fernández T (2003). EEG and behavioral changes following neurofeedback treatment in learning disabled children. Clinical Electroencephalography, 34, 145-52. --Ten learning-disabled children (high on a theta/alpha ratio baseline) improved on the WISC and showed evidence of greater EEG maturation after training.

  • Egner T & Gruzelier JH (2003). Ecological validity of neurofeedback: modulation of slow wave EEG enhances musical performance. Neuroreport, 14, 1221-4. --Investigated pedagogic relevance of neurofeedback for enhancing normal function. Conservatoire students improved their musical performances after theta-up training.

  • Fuchs, Thomas; Birbaumer, Niels; Lutzenberger, Werner (2003). Neurofeedback treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: A comparison with methylphenidate. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 28, 1-12. Twenty-two ADHD children underwent neurofeedback and 12 underwent stimulant therapy, according to parental preference. Variables of attention improved in both groups, as did behaviors related to the disorder..

  • Stokes DA (2003). Effectiveness of electroencephalogram biofeedback training for disorders of arousal in a clinical setting as measured by changes in T.O.V.A. scores, mood and symptom ratings. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, 63, 3508. ---A pilot study on 10 subjects reported promising improvements in cognitive functioning and mood states.

  • Vernon D, Egner T, Cooper N, Compton T, Neilands C, Sheri A, & Gruzelier J. (2003). The effect of training distinct neurofeedback protocols on aspects of cognitive performance. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 47, 75-85. ---Eight sessions of neurofeedback the SMR-group were able to selectively enhance their SMR activity whereas theta trainers failed to exhibit any changes in their EEG. The SMR-group also improved on cued recall performance and focused attentional processing.

  • Wang X (2003). Noninvasive laser-induced photoacoustic tomography for structural and functional in vivo imaging of the brain. Nature Biotechnology, 21, 803-6. The year 2002 saw the first report of fMRI neurofeedback; in 2003, an optical technique is added to the growing family of neurofeedback techniques.

  • Laidlaw, TM, Naito, A, Dwivedi, P, Enzor, NA, Brincat, CE, & Gruzelier, JH (2003). Mood changes after self-hypnosis and johrei prior to exams. Contemporary Hypnosis, 20, 25-39. Sham neurofeedback used as a control for comparing hypnosis techniques -- why actual neurofeedback was not included is beyond me.

  • A plethora of Brain-Computer interface techniques relying on a variety of EEG parameters were also published in 2003.

    -DK

     


    News & Reviews NEW BOOKS

    Measuring Treatment Progress: An Outcome Study Guide
    by Patricia L. Owen
    Guide for treatment providers interested in designing and conducting outcome studies for their programs. -www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1568389825/top100

    Cognitive Neuroscience: A Functionalist Perspective
    by Roy H. Smith
    An overview of to this field for the layperson. Reviews studies in perception, memory, motor function, language, executive function, emotion, and consciousness. -www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0761823530/top100

    The Emotional Revolution: Transform Your Life Using the New Science of Feeling
    by Norman E. Rosenthal
    Affective neuroscience and its impact on psychology, psychiatry, and everyday life. -www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0806524472/top100

    Adult AD/HD: A Reader-Friendly Guide to Identifying...
    by Michele Novotni, Thomas A. Whiteman
    Guide for self-identification of ADHD in adults -www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1576833577/top100

    Traumatic Brain Injury: Methods for ..Forensic Neuropsychiatric Assessment
    by Robert P. Granacher
    Guides practitioners in methods for evaluating traumatic brain injury in adults and children and in important elements of forensic brain injury assessment (detecting deception, legal concepts of causation, damage) -www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0849314291/top100

    Exploratory Analysis and Data Modeling in Functional Neuroimaging
    by Friedrich T. Sommer (Editor)
    A survey of theoretical and computational approaches to neuroimaging, including inferential, exploratory, and causal methods of data analysis. -www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0262194813/top100

     


    JOURNAL PAPERS

    Paradoxical autonomic response to mental tasks in autism. : Some autistic subjects are more stressed during 'rest' than during mechanical or repetitive mental tasks, as indicated by their autonomic response. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12959420

    Caffeinated beverages and decreased seizure control. : Excessive caffeine ingestion from tea can lead to increase seizure frequency. Decaffeinated beverages is the solution. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12967583

    Neural correlates of traumatic recall in PTSD : PTSD patients and controls had differential blood flow patterns during emotional recall in amygdala, insula and medial prefrontal cortex. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=13129808

    EEG-based communication and control: speed-accuracy relationships. : Continual online gain adaptation could increase the speed and accuracy of EEG-based cursor control. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12964453

    Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and arousal. : Mutually-inhibitory interactions between sleep-promoting and arousal-promoting systems, focused in and near the hypothalamus, are hypothesized to form a sleep-wake switch. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12957869

    Neuroanatomical circuits modulating fear and anxiety behaviors. : Anxiety disorders are heterogeneous, both symptomatically and neuroanatomically. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12950435

    EEG signatures of attentional and cognitive default modes : Alpha oscillations signal a neural baseline with "inattention" whereas beta rhythms index spontaneous cognitive operations during conscious rest. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12958209

    Short-term alcohol and drug treatment outcomes predict long-term outcome. : There is a clear association between short-term and long- term treatment success. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12957346

    Anatomic brain abnormalities in monozygotic twins discordant for ADHD : MZ twins with ADHD have smaller caudate volumes than their unaffected co-twins, which provides further support for striatal models of ADHD pathophysiology. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12944348

    Time course of EEG background activity level before spontaneous awakening in the second semester of human life. : Infant sleep EEGs refect changes in activation levels prior to waking. If we could just condition them to suppress these changes, parents of newborns could get a good night's sleep. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12946558

    Are the electroencephalograms mainly rhythmic? : Another new QEEG method to quantify periodicity- period specific average -indicates that EEGs are mostly aperiodic, generally and locally (peaks). www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12946714

     


     

    Events & Locations

    Upcoming Courses

    A Pathway to Brain Regulation - Neurofeedback helps improve neuroregulation. It's used by health care professionals for ADHD, depression, anxiety disorders, LD, mood disorders, and behavioral problems. This 4-day course, Neurofeedback in a Clinical Practice, provides the basis for using Neurofeedback clinically. - *28 CEs

      4-Day Comprehensive Course Dates
    • Woodland Hills, CA Dec 11-14
    • Austin, TX Jan 15-18
    • Miami, FL Feb 19-22
    • Los Angeles, CA Mar 25-28
    • Boston, MA Apr 15-18

    Our course is a hands-on experience right from the start. Attendees consistently say this format is a very good way to learn Neurofeedback.

    "Neurofeedback should be viewed as one of the three essential or primary forms of intervention - psychotherapy, psychopharmacology, and Neurofeedback. In my experience, Neurofeedback is every bit as important and powerful as the other two forms of treatment." - Dr. Laurence Hirshberg of Brown University Medical School, a psychologist specializing in Developmental Disorders and Autism.

    Contact Karie Kramer, our training coordinator, for more information 818-789-3456 ext 847 or see www.eegspectrum.com/Training

    *EEG Spectrum International, Inc. is approved by the APA to offer continuing education to psychologists. ESII maintains responsibility for the program.

    Conferences for Neurofeedback Clinicians & Researchers

    CONFERENCELOCATIONDATES
    Winter Brain - http://www.brainmeeting.com/Palm Springs CAFeb 6-10


     

    Last Word

    Excitation vs Inhibition: Continuing saga of my neuroendocrine model of autism

    As I explained briefly in last month's WNIN, I believe autism is an endocrine disorder (as I now believe schizophrenia to be as well), in which the child is unable to modulate the effects of estrogen and testosterone. I believe the autistic brain is hypermasculinized by too little endogeneous estrogen and too much testosterone. My autistic son's testosterone came in above normal -- although the MDs said it wasn't -- initially. I had to convince him otherwise. It was 200% normal for his age, a 4 nmol/dl norm compared to 11.9 for him, but the lab printed out a single norm for boys aged 2 to 12. Well, testosterone spikes during the entry of puberty, so if we use such a wide age in our norms, then, of course he falls in the normal range. It would like be bringing in a 6 year old child whose is only 18 inches tall -- "well, for 2 to 12 years old, that's within normal range, sir."

    What may happen in autism is that the testosterone production, which spikes during 2nd trimester before birth, and in the 2nd and 3rd months after birth, does not shut down, or whatever modulates it never gains efficiency.

    Lacking MD's encouragement, I considered what would be the effect of over-the-counter estrogen replacement therapy. Was there any condition where boys are treated with estrogen, and at what doses and what possible side effects must be monitored. An endocrinologist could probably rattle these off in seconds, but without physician assistance I had to become a novice endocrinologist. I discovered two conditions where young male children are treated with estrogen: phimosis, a penile morphology problem, and precocious puberty, when a prepubescent boy (as young as an infant) starts sprouting pubic hair and other signs of impending puberty. That autism is not directly linked with precocious puberty shows that it isn't the amount of testosterone that causes autism, that sexually dimorphisizes the brain to the extreme; it's what the brain (or mind) does with this excess, its inability to counter or control it, with comparable estrogen, presumably (so I believe).

    As I studied the effect of elevated testosterone levels in infant brain development, my wife commented how my autistic son is the only one of my three sons to have ever peed on us while diaper changing. As he is the oldest, I thought it was normal, and wanted to invent a "penis sheath" to protect other unsuspecting parents. We presumed it was a common occurrence until the next boy appeared, without this problem. Stress urinary incontinence, I uncovered in the literature, appears to be due to a lack of estrogen -- though treating it with estrogen has been greeted with mixed results. I believe the fundamental failure to feel one's body is due to the lack of estrogen -- estrogen promotes a sense of bodily representation, among other things (like verbal memory and other verbal functions, as witnessed in estrogen replacement therapy).

    Another condition of extreme testosterone in infancy for boys is macrophallus -- an enlarged penis. Macropenis, despite whatever benefits it might provide outside of the L.A. porn industry, is associated with psychomotor retardation with autistic features. More evidence, however slight, linking high testosterone levels with autism.

    I made a joke in the last newsletter that if my son starting throwing like a girl, I've given him too much estrogen. Well, I wanted to find out the true side effects of estrogen "replacement" therapy in boys. There are two: growing breasts (gynecomastia) and increase in growth trajectory. The former is not too troubling and reversible, the later is not the best but reasonably benign, better than a lifetime of autism.

    As it turns out, as I finally convinced myself the proper course of action, that course was interrupted (or delayed) by professional help, by someone who is not an amateur endocrinologist. Our MD referred us to a pediatric endocrinologist, who will take the case under the rubric of precocious puberty -- which I hope soon falls into the category of autism cure. My other two sons also had their testosterone levels tested by our MD and both fall below 10 nmol/dl -- the normal range for 2 to 9 year olds-- nonetheless the lab, continuing a theme of obstacles, will not provide the exact numbers, so I cannot be too confident. As for reversing the effect insufficient estrogen and elevated testosterone has played on my autistic son's mind, we will know more next month, and the month after that, etc. -DK