Research Articles, 2000-2003

  1. Self-reported psychopathology in polydrug users.
    Most polydrug exhibited higher anxiety symptoms although most were unworried by such symptoms, either due to a lack of self-awareness or acceptance of them as part of their substance use. [more]

  2. Heavy drinking and family history of alcoholism on regional brain metabolites.
    Chronic heavy drinkers may have brain metabolite changes that are associated with lower brain function and are likely of behavioral significance. Age, family history, and binge drinking modulate these abnormalities. [more]

  3. Cognitive processing in monozygotic twins discordant for CFS
    Twenty-one MZ twin pairs discordant for CFS were compared to 21 controls on the NeuroCognitive Assessment Battery. Both CFS (+/-) twins performed worse than controls on speed-dependent tests. [more]

  4. Attentional biases for alcohol cues in heavy and light social drinkers
    Biases in visual orienting to alcohol-related cues in heavy social drinkers operate mainly in the processes involved in the maintenance of attention. [more]

  5. Meta-analysis of alcohol consumption and the risk of 15 diseases.
    Risk for oral & throat cancers, hypertension, liver cirrhosis, pancreatitis, stroke, and violence were associated with alcohol consumption. Consumption was protective for coronary heart disease up to 72 g/day, but increased risk at 89 g/day. [more]

  6. Twin study of personality and illicit drug use and abuse/dependence.
    Novelty-seeking is closely related to cannabis use, especially in males, while neuroticism showed genetic overlap with sedative use. [more]

  7. Impact of ADHD and its treatment on substance abuse in adults.
    ADHD is a risk factor for substance abuse in adults. Addressing substance abuse should be the first priority when treating an adult with substance abuse and ADHD. [more]

  8. Neurobiological mechanisms in the transition from drug use to drug dependence.
    Neuropharmacologic studies suggest dysregulation of specific neurochemical mechanisms in brain reward and stress circuits that provide the negative motivational state that drives addiction. [more]

  9. Cocaine and Psychiatric Symptoms.
    Paranoia occurs in as many as 5/6ths of patients using cocaine. Cocaine-related violent behaviors occur in half of the patients; one-fifth of suicides. [more]

  10. Prefrontal responses to drug cues
    Perceived drug use opportunity affects responses to the presentation of drug cues. [more]

  11. Young adult follow-up of hyperactive children: antisocial activities and drug use.
    More of the hyperactive group committed antisocial acts (mostly predatory-overt and drug-related antisocial conduct) than controls. [more]

  12. Dual diagnosis: alcoholism and co-morbid psychiatric disorders.
    Reviews epidemiological, diagnostic, and treatment literature on co-morbidity of alcoholism, notably drug abuse, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and antisocial personality disorder. [more]

  13. Resting EEG in offspring of male alcoholics: beta frequencies.
    Increased EEG beta power may be a likely marker of risk for developing alcoholism. [more]

  14. Neural correlates of cue-induced craving in cocaine-dependent women.
    Sex differences in the functional anatomy of cue-induced cocaine craving are reported, possibly reflecting different conditioning, affective, or volitional regulation. [more]

  15. Effects of alcohol and other drugs in women of reproductive age: Hormonal interactions.
    The presence of PMS may modulate alcohol and drug use patterns during the premenstruum. [more]

  16. Long-term treatment of an addictive personality.
    Can long-term psychotherapy can be helpful in severe psychiatric disorders? a case study suggests possibly so. [more]

  17. Quantitative EEG and neurocognition in methamphetamine-dependent volunteers.
    QEEG provides a sensitive measure of methamphetamine-associated alterations in brain function. [more]

  18. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)--life insurance implications.
    About half of child ADHD sufferers continue to have symptoms into their 20s; many with co-morbid conditions such as conduct disorders, psychiatric problems and substance abuse, which increases mortality rates. [more]

  19. Brain oscillations as functional correlates of cognitive systems: alcoholism.
    Theta and delta reduction are prominent at the frontal region of alcoholics compared to control, suggesting a deficient inhibitory control and information-processing mechanism. [more]

  20. Complexity changes of the EEG induced by alcohol cue exposure
    When subjects are exposed to alcohol cues, changes in EEG complexity are observed in frontal, right posterior temporal, and occipital areas [more]

  21. EEG spectral power and mean frequencies in early heroin abstinence.
    Frequency shifts in alpha2 (esp. frontal and central) correlated with daily heroin consumption. Slowing of alpha1 mean frequency appeared mainly in heroin addicts who abused high doses of the drug. [more]

  22. Only one in three people with alcohol abuse or dependence ever seek treatment.
    A Canadian population survey found only one in three of addicted respondents had ever attended treatment for their alcohol concerns. [more]

  23. Income inequality and alcohol policies on depression and alcohol dependence.
    Income inequality does not increase the experience of alcohol dependence or depression symptoms. However, increased beer taxation reduced alcohol dependence symptoms. [more]

  24. Brain imaging studies in human addicts.
    Heroin-related stimuli provokes activation of anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal regions. [more]

  25. Impact of stress on addiction.
    Drug delivery controls activation of the HPA axis and this production of an internal state of arousal may be that which is sought by the individual (i.e., the sensation-seeking hypothesis). [more]

  26. Brain atrophy in alcohol dependence
    Brain atrophy in alcohol dependence reflects individual differences in exposure to alcohol. Comorbid cocaine use disorder may exacerbate white matter atrophy. [more]

  27. Learning impairment in male and female alcoholics.
    Alcoholics are impaired on face-name learning but whether it's a direct effect of alcohol or their disrupted interpersonal relationships remains to be investigated. [more]

  28. Alcoholism risk and the P300 event-related brain potential
    P300 amplitude reflects risk-for-alcoholism in young adults, but specific task conditions and electrode location affect its sensitivity. [more]

  29. QEEG studies of cue-induced cocaine craving.
    Cue-induced anxiety is associated with reduced high frequency and enhanced low frequency EEG activity. [more]

  30. Polyunsaturated fatty acid status and relapse vulnerability in cocaine addicts.
    Low polyunsaturated fatty acids status at baseline was a better predictor of relapse than cocaine use, sociodemographic or clinical parameters. [more]

  31. Autism families with a high incidence of alcoholism.
    An association between maternal alcoholism and regressive onset autism (language loss, primarily) is reported. [more]

  32. Short-term alcohol and drug treatment outcomes predict long-term outcome.
    There is a clear association between short-term and long- term treatment success. [more]

  33. Time course and significance of cannabis withdrawal.
    A typical addiction withdrawal pattern was observed in heavy pot smokers -- aggression, anger, anxiety, decreased appetite, irritability, sleep problems, etc -- peaking 2 to 6 days, lasting up to 2 weeks. [more]

  34. Sporting activity and drug use
    Practicing sports as an elite student-athlete is correlated negatively with cigarette, alcohol and cannabis use, depending upon sport and level of competition. [more]

  35. Cocaine and amphetamine use in patients with psychiatric illness
    Animal studies indicate that neuroleptics increase cocaine and amphetamine self-administration. Patients discontinuing typical antipsychotics exhibited reduced drug craving compared with those continuing. [more]

  36. Depression and neurocognitive functioning in mild TBI
    Depression-related scales of both the MCMI-II and MMPI-2 are independent of cognitive performance, despite the prevalence of depression in mild injury. [more]

  37. Sex differences in the genetic risk for alcoholism.
    Twin studies support genetic risk factors for alcoholism in men, and shared environmental factors in women. [more]

  38. Recent advances against substance abuse.
    Vaccines and other pharmacotherapies are advancing toward the market. [more]

  39. EEG deficits in chronic marijuana abusers during abstinence
    During early abstinence, marijuana abusers show reduced theta and lower alpha rhythm activity during eyes closed compared to controls. These reductions persisted for the entire month of monitoring. [more]

  40. Emotion regulation during separation procedure: addicted mothers
    Emotional expression and regulation appears to be impaired by the stress and maternal disengagement common to cocaine-exposed children [more]

  41. Validity of adolescent types of alcohol use.
    Problem teen drinkers exhibit high life impact scores, low self-esteem, high self-awareness, low perceived parental acceptance and high amount of rejection by the parents. [more]

  42. Neurodevelopmental liabilities of substance abuse.
    Even elevated levels of estrogens and corticosteroids in the pregnant mother can act as neuroteratogens. [more]

  43. Childhood ADHD and alcohol dependence: 1-year follow-up.
    Four-fifths of childhood-ADHD adults relapsed compared with about half of those without childhood ADHD, with relapse occuring nearly 3 months earlier in the former group. [more]

  44. Sensation-seeking as a moderator of marijuana and cigarette use among adolescents.
    Peer pressure and perceived peer marijuana use influenced high sensation-seekers but not low sensation-seekers. Aspirations inconsistent with marijuana use were protective for high sensation-seekers. [more]

  45. Demographic and clinical correlates of client motivation among substance abusers.
    Neither legal coercion nor self-referral was related to motivation, nor was alcohol and drug use severity six months later. [more]

  46. Drug use and prefrontal-associated traits.
    Polysubstance users show greater dysfunction on disinhibition measures compared to non-polysubstance users, again supporting the link between prefrontal function and drug use. [more]

  47. Predictors of drinking outcomes among alcoholics.
    Alcohol use severity and two psychosocial factors (treatment motivation and 12-step participation) predicts relapse reasonably well. [more]

  48. Psychiatric disorders in predicting drug dependence treatment outcomes.
    Women with phobias had better outcomes and that men with psychiatric disorders in general, men with major depression, and men with antisocial personality disorder had worse outcomes. [more]

  49. Toward an understanding of bipolar disorder and its origin.
    The role of genetic influences in bipolar disease is supported by family studies and high concordance rates among monozygotic twins. Substance abuse, common in bipolar disorder, interferes with diagnosis and can worsen the course of the disease. [more]

  50. Theta power in the EEG of alcoholics.
    Increased absolute theta power was seen in alcohol-dependent subjects at central and parietal regions, which may reflect an imbalance in the excitation-inhibition homeostasis in the cortex. [more]

  51. Electrophysiological assessment of language function following stroke.
    Language function in stroke patients can be evaluated, independent of behavior, using ERPs that correlate highly with traditional neuropsychological tests. [more]

  52. Methylphenidate and substance abuse: a review of pharmacology, animal, and clinical studies.
    Although intravenous methylphenidate has some abuse potential, there is little potential for oral MPH abuse, though longitudinal studies are needed. [more]

  53. Cocaine use disorders and suicidal ideation.
    Half of the patients with substance-induced mood or psychotic disorder expressed suicidal ideation; 85% having a cocaine use disorder. [more]

  54. Self-reported alcohol use and sexual behaviors of teens
    Alcohol use was associated with high-risk sexual activity. Binge drinking had stronger relations with sexual activity variables than lifetime use and current use of alcohol. [more]

  55. Alcohol use in adolescents whose fathers abuse drugs.
    An affectionate father-child bond had a protective effect on teen use, and the teen's personality mediated between all other domains and his/her alcohol use. [more]

  56. Brain circuitry and the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior.
    Reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior involves the amygdala, ventral tegmentum, and possibly anterior cingulate and nucleus accumbens. [more]

  57. Integrating substance abuse treatment and primary care.
    Integrating substance abuse treatment with primary care may not be necessary or appropriate for all patients. [more]

  58. Behavioral Aspects of Frontal Lobe Epilepsy.
    Frontal lobe epilepsy patients show executive dysfunctions in response selection and inhibition, hyperactivity, conscientiousness, obsession, and addictive behaviors. [more]

  59. Does OCD & heroin addiction share a common psychophysiological mechanism?
    P300 research suggests that OCD and long-term abstinent heroin addicts are both impaired in working memory and attention involving the right prefrontal areas. [more]

  60. Disruption of frontocerebellar circuitry and function in alcoholism.
    Findings from a 2002 symposium of alcohol-related brain damage, focusing on the role of neuroimaging in understanding the functional reorganization of the brain in alcoholism. [more]

  61. High versus low structure counseling for substance abuse.
    High-structure, behaviorally-oriented counseling benefits only the more depressed addicts (not the majority of them) compared to low-structure, facilitative individual counseling. [more]

  62. Personality Disorders among Poly-Substance Abusers
    Poly-substance abusers exhibit more antisocial, passive- aggressive, and borderline personality disorders; pure alcoholics show more dependent personality disorders. [more]

  63. Limbic-striatal memory systems and drug addiction.
    The amygdala, hippocampus, and cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex are all involved in drug-seeking as well as drug-taking behavior, including the propensity to relapse. [more]

  64. Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2001.
    An annual review of research on the opiate system, summarizing papers on behavioral effects of the opiate system, notably its role in pain, stress, learning, drug abuse, sexual activity, electrophysiology, and immunological responses. [more]

  65. Binge drinking among US adults.
    Between 1993 and 2001, the total number of binge-drinking episodes among US adults increased to 1.5 billion; a 17% increase. [more]

  66. Drinks of the Father: Substance Use Disorders in Offspring.
    Paternal maximum alcohol consumption is associated with conduct disorder, substance use, and substance abuse or dependence in offspring of either gender. [more]

  67. Who starts treatment: engagement in the NIDA collaborative cocaine treatment study.
    Certain demographic factors put patients more at risk for dropping out at intake and randomization such as unemployment, youth, and patients referred from advertisements. [more]

  68. Alcohol Helplessness Scale and its prediction of depression among problem drinkers.
    Helplessness and self-efficacy independently mediated between alcohol dependence and depression. [more]

  69. Long-term outcome in 306 males with alcoholism.
    Age (20-39 years) and receiving outpatient treatment at initial treatment predict survival. [more]

  70. Early onset among children of parents with alcohol problems: national epidemiologic survey.
    As expected, children of parents with alcohol problems experience precocious drug use. [more]

  71. Antidepressants for cocaine dependence (Cochrane Review).
    There is no current evidence supporting the clinical use of antidepressants in treatment of cocaine dependence. [more]

  72. Relationship between perceived life satisfaction and adolescents' substance abuse.
    Age of first alcohol drink, first marijuana use, first cocaine use, and first cigarette smoked are associated with reduced life satisfaction. [more]

  73. Addiction and the brain: the neurobiology of compulsion and its persistence.
    Compulsion and its persistence may be based on pathological usurpation of molecular mechanisms normally involved in memory. [more]

  74. An analysis of substance use among adolescents from smaller places.
    The less rural the place you raise your children, the less likely they will take up marijuana. [more]

  75. Psychopathology as a predictor of adolescent drug use trajectories.
    Drug use prevention programs should target youths with early symptoms of psychopathology. [more]

  76. Substance abuse in bipolar disorder.
    Substance abuse is a major comorbidity (40-50%) in bipolar patients, even in elderly populations. [more]

  77. Comorbidity between patterns of substance use dependence and psychiatric syndromes.
    Adults dependent on illicit drugs experience higher rates of psychiatric syndromes than those dependent on licit drugs. [more]

  78. Frontal lobe changes in alcoholism: a review of the literature.
    A review of literature supports the concept of frontal lobe pathology in alcoholism. [more]

  79. Predicting Relapse to Alcohol and Drug Abuse via Quantitative EEG
    Enhanced amount of high frequency (19.5-39.8 Hz) beta activity was observed in patients who later relapsed compared to those who maintained abstinence and controls. [more]

  80. Learning disorders in 10- to 12-year-old boys with and without parental substance abusers.
    Learning disorders are associated with a parental history of substance use disorders. [more]

  81. Psychiatric comorbidity in substance abuse
    Opioid abusers often suffer from major depression as well as occasionally personality disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and phobic disorder. [more]

  82. An evaluation of drug treatments for adolescents in 4 US cities.
    Community-based treatment programs for adolescents with drug problems produces decreases in heavy drinking and illicit drugs and criminal involvement. [more]

  83. Relationship of perceived social support to substance use in offspring of alcoholics.
    Perceived social support and family history positive interact with the drug being uses (marijuana or tobacco users vs. alcohol. [more]

  84. Physicians' low detection rates of alcohol dependence or abuse
    Physicians' abilities to detect problem drinkers have been underestimated : detection rates ranged from 37.0% to 88.9%. [more]

  85. Longitudinal study of the order of onset of alcohol dependence and major depression.
    Alcohol dependence and major depression pose a significant risk for the development of the other disorder. [more]

  86. Adolescent illegal drug use: the impact of personality, family, and environmental factors.
    Specific environmental factors (e.g., violence, drug availability), family drug use, a distant parent-child relationship, and unconventional behavior are risk factors for adolescent illegal drug use. [more]

  87. Direct and indirect effects of prenatal alcohol damage on executive function.
    Executive function tests such as Stroop, Wisconsin Card Sorting, Ruff's Figural Fluency, and Consonant Trigrams, which are all primarily free of IQ loading, are especially useful in clinical evaluations of persons suspected of fetal alcohol damage. [more]

  88. Depressive symptoms modulate the subjective and physiological response to cocaine in humans.
    Depressive symptoms may enhance response to cocaine, which affects cocaine use. [more]

  89. Development of alcoholism
    Young men with heavy alcohol consumption are more at risk for developing alcoholism if they later had low control over their work. [more]

  90. Severely mentally ill substance abusers: an 18-month follow-up study.
    Severely mentally ill substance abusers have weak social integration, and often have trouble finding and holding a job. [more]

  91. Male depression and suicide.
    The authors propose a male depressive syndrome: low stress tolerance, acting-out behavior, low impulse control, substance abuse & hereditary loading of depression, alcoholism & suicide. They developed a detection scale. [more]

  92. Hospital-based adolescent substance abuse treatment
    Comorbidity failed to predict attendance consistently. [more]

  93. Personality disorders and substance abuse disorders.
    No clear evidence supports an advantage of any type of program when co-occurring substance abuse with severe personality disorder. [more]

  94. Substance abuse, pathological gambling, and impulsiveness.
    Laboratory measures provide further linkage between substance abuse, pathological gambling, and impulsivity. [more]

  95. Neural activity related to drug craving in cocaine addiction.
    Craving-related activation of a network of limbic, paralimbic, and striatal brain regions, including amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and anterior cingulate cortex. [more]

  96. Violent behavior as related to use of marijuana and other drugs.
    Greater frequency of use of marijuana, and no other drug, was associated with likelihood to commit weapons offenses. [more]

  97. Neuropsychological predictors of treatment attainment in substance abuse
    Attention and mood have a moderate impact on the success of treatment interventions for substance abuse. [more]

  98. ADHD and vulnerability to the development of alcoholism
    A significant subgroup of alcoholism indicates a high rate of ADHD in early ages. [more]

  99. Quantitative Morphology of the Caudate and Putamen in Patients With Cocaine Dependence.
    Deficits in dopaminergic function associated with cocaine dependence may contribute to caudate and putamen hypertrophy. [more]

  100. Physical training as a substance abuse prevention intervention for youth.
    Increased physical fitness leads to lowered risk factors and usage patterns. [more]

  101. Shattered childhood: a key issue in suicidal behavior among drug addicts?
    38% of the drug addicts report suicide attempts; a higher percentage occurs for those who experienced adverse childhood events (assaults, bullying, parental alcohol abuse or psychiatric problems, etc). [more]

  102. What we have learned about addiction from animal models of drug self-administration.
    Modifications of the laboratory animal self-administration paradigm, such as the "reinstatement" model of relapse, are promising means to investigate motivational factors in addiction. [more]

  103. Benefit-cost analysis of residential and outpatient addiction treatment
    Residential care is favored over outpatient care from an economic perspective, though both are beneficial. Residential treatment costs approx. $2,530, outpatient care $1,138; net benefits were estimated to be $18K and $11K [more]

  104. Are stimulants addictive in children? What the evidence says.
    Despite the increasing use of stimulants in younger and younger children, few studies have examined this important issue, not enough to conclude whether stimulants are not addictive. [more]

  105. The severity of alcohol withdrawal is not age dependent.
    Severity of alcohol withdrawal syndrome did not differ between age groups. [more]

  106. Opposite effects of high and low frequency rTMS in depressed patients.
    As with neurofeedback, the effects of rTMS are frequency-dependent. In fact opposite effects were found for high and low frequency rTMS on local and distant regional brain activity. [more]

  107. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cocaine Craving.
    Cocaine cues produce abnormally high cingulate and low frontal lobe activation in cocaine addicts. Anterior cingulate activation preceded the onset of craving but was also present in patients who did not report craving. [more]

  108. Executive functioning: a conceptual framework for alcohol-related aggression.
    Acute alcohol intoxication disrupts executive functioning, increasing the probability of aggression. [more]

  109. Acute marijuana effects on rCBF and cognition: a PET study.
    Reduced task-related rCBF in temporal lobes may account for impaired cognitive functions during intoxication. [more]

  110. The association between cigarette smoking and drug abuse
    Those who had smoked cigarettes were far more likely to use cocaine, heroin, crack and marijuana. In other words, cigarette smoking appears to be a gateway drug to illegal drug use. [more]

  111. Reward deficiency syndrome: genetic aspects of behavioral disorders
    Defects in various combinations of the genes for specific neurotransmitters may result in a Reward Deficiency Syndrome and subsequent increased risk of addiction. [more]

  112. The 5-Year Clinical Course of High-Functioning Men With DSM-IV Alcohol Abuse or Dependence.
    Even in highly educated and high-functioning men, alcohol abuse and dependence predicts the onset and cessation of alcohol-related problems. [more]

  113. Factors associated with problematic alcohol consumption in schoolchildren.
    Peer consumption of alcohol and expectancies regarding alcohol strongly predicted problematic drinking among teens. [more]

  114. Ethnic differences in adolescent substance initiation sequences.
    Initiating tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use differs by ethnicity. Maternal education mediates this outcome. [more]

  115. Behavioral Symptoms and Psychiatric Diagnoses Among Children in Alcoholic Families.
    When antisocial disorders and SES are controlled, a family history of alcoholism does not appear to relate to childhood externalizing disorders. [more]

  116. Genetic and environmental influences on teen substance use & abuse.
    Heritability of ab/use of illicit substances (e.g., marijuana) was modest (25% or less), compared to that of tobacco use and nicotine dependence (40% to 60%). [more]

  117. Neuropsychological consequences of abstinence among older alcoholics
    Memory and executive skills only slowly recover, if at all, with abstinence. [more]

  118. Consequences of adolescent drug use on psychiatric disorders in adulthood.
    Three models of addiction and psychiatric comorbidity: 1) psychiatric disorders precede drug ab/use, 2) disorders and drug use co-occur as they share etiological factors, & 3) drug ab/use precedes some disorders. The third model is supported. [more]

  119. Preventing illicit drug use in adolescents
    Illicit drug use may be prevented by targeting the use of gateway drugs (tobacco, alcohol). Students who received a prevention program (Life Skills Training) in junior high reported less use of illicit drugs than controls. [more]

  120. Polysomnographic and spectral sleep EEG in primary alcoholis
    Ethnicity interacts with alcohol dependency in prolonged sleep latency, loss of delta sleep, and short rapid eye movement (REM) latency. African-American alcoholic patients show more severe sleep abnormalities than Euro-American alcoholics. [more]

  121. Executive cognitive function and heavy drinking behavior among college students.
    Executive cognitive functions may play an important factor in motivating a change in drinking behavior. Short-term memory function predicted greater awareness of drinking problems. [more]

  122. Emotional and cognitive components of alexithymia and dependency in alcoholics.
    Alcoholics often possess a cognitive style characterized by externally oriented thinking, affirmation of autonomy as denial of emotional dependency, and field dependence. [more]

  123. Spontaneous remission from alcohol, tobacco, and other drug abuse
    Health concerns, social pressure, and extraordinary events often initiate spontaneous remission whereas social support, non-drug-using friendships, and identity transformation help maintain the change. [more]

  124. Substance dependence, family history of alcohol dependence and neuropsychological functioning in adolescence.
    Family history of alcohol dependence and adolescent substance use are separate risk factors for poorer neuropsychological performance in youth, particularly in language and attentional functions. [more]

  125. Can traumatic brain injury cause psychiatric disorders?
    Traumatic brain injury is strongly associated with mood and anxiety disorders, but not substance abuse or schizophrenia. [more]

  126. Reported chronic insomnia is independent of poor sleep as measured by EEG
    Chronic insomnia does not predict poor EEG sleep, although both are associated independently with dysphoria, hyperarousal, diminished waking function, and poor sleep quality. Separate arousal and sleep systems may explain these similarities. [more]

  127. Assault, PTSD, family substance use, and depression as risk factors for cigarette use in youth
    Increased risk of smoking was found with familial substance use for boys and sexual assault or depression for girls. PTSD was not independently associated with increased risk of smoking. [more]

  128. Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
    One-fifth or more of children with ADHD also suffer from a learning disorder, one that is independent of the disorder. Many children with ADHD are also severely emotionally labile, which may result in serious management issues for the clinician. [more]

  129. Cocaine dependence with and without comorbid depression
    Depressed cocaine dependent patients require more intensive treatment as they exhibit a higher prevalence of antisocial personality disorder, greater cravings, and less refrain from drug use, than addicts who are not depressed. [more]

  130. Psychiatric disorders among drug dependent subjects: are they primary or secondary?
    Antisocial personality disorder and phobias have onsets prior to drug dependence whereas generalized anxiety disorder onsets after, and depression is evenly divided between earlier and later onsets relative to drug dependence. [more]

  131. The influence of traits of disinhibition on the association between alcohol use and risky sexual behavior.
    Excitement seeking may underlie alcohol use and risky sexual behavior. Social deviance proneness was also associated with alcohol use. [more]

  132. Neurobiology of addiction. Toward the development of new therapies.
    Drug addiction is a chronic functional dysregulation characterized by neurobiological changes that result in positive reinforcing effects of drugs and a vulnerability to relapse and re-entry into the addiction cycle. [more]

  133. Craving Shift in Chronic Alcoholics.
    Psychotropic substances might serve to self-regulate against craving: 4/5ths of detoxified alcoholics report an increased consumption of coffee, cigarettes, or sweets. Desire for consumption correlated with the maximum experienced desire for alcohol. [more]

  134. Relationships between antisocial personality and alcoholism: genetic hypotheses.
    Why do antisocial personality and alcoholism often co-occur, given the clinical heterogeneity of alcoholism as well as the heterogeneity of the etiologic factors involved? The authors evaluate three possible reasons. [more]

  135. Neuropharmacological treatments for alcoholism: scientific basis & clinical findings.
    Specific neurotransmitters play critical roles in the expression of alcohol-drinking and related behaviors. Alcoholism subtypes need to identified and matched to those treatment medications effective to a subtype's general neurophysiological function. [more]

  136. Problem drinking behavior in two community-based samples of adults: influence of gender, coping, loneliness, and depression.
    Coping, loneliness, depression are related to frequency of intoxication, binge drinking, and drink tossing behaviors, regardless of gender, generally. [more]

  137. Clients speak: participatory evaluation of a nonconfrontational addictions treatment program for older adults.
    Allowing clients to choose their level of involvement contributes to perceived benefits of a drug treatment program. [more]

  138. Adolescent suicide: a review of the literature.
    Reviews risk factors related to teen suicide: Reports an interplay of multifactors including depression, sexual abuse, feelings of isolation, biological disposition, gender differences, alcohol and drug abuse, and psychiatric disorders, and others. [more]

  139. "Loss of control" in alcoholism and drug addiction: a neuroscientific interpretation.
    The vulnerability of frontal lobes to acute and chronic effects of addictive drugs, especially alcohol and cocaine, is reviewed; drug-induced frontal lobe dysfunction may involve a hyperdopaminergic mechanism. [more]

  140. Psychobiological problems in heavy 'ecstasy' (MDMA) polydrug users.
    Repeated MDMA can cause serotonergic neurotoxicity. Reduced serotonin activity may produce a host of problems including paranoid ideation, psychoticism, obsessionality, anxiety, hostility, altered appetite, and restless sleep. [more]

  141. Genetic disposition to alcoholism. An EEG study in alcoholics and their relatives.
    A poorly synchronized EEG reflects disposition to alcoholism in females but not in males. This EEG pattern probably reflects basic mechanisms that enhance the risk for different psychiatric disorders more than vulnerability to a specific disorder. [more]

  142. Baseline prediction of 7-month cocaine abstinence for cocaine dependence patients.
    Baseline data from cocaine dependent patients, including sociodemographic variables, scores from the Addiction Severity Index, cocaine urine toxicology, craving, and lifetime psychiatric diagnoses, does not predict long-term treatment outcomes. [more]

  143. Seasonal variations in internalizing, externalizing, and substance use disorders in youth.
    Incidence of OCD, separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, and depression are lowest in early autumn; also true but weakly for ADHD, ODD, and marijuana use. No seasonality was found for substance use, agoraphobia, nor panic disorder. [more]

  144. Parental bonding and personality in relation to a lifetime history of depression.
    Maternal care and personality variables are independent risk factors in predicting a lifetime history of depression. The belief that adverse parenting disposes a child to developing a dysfunctional personality was not supported. [more]

  145. Longitudinal changes in cognition, gait, and balance in abstinent and relapsed alcoholic men: relationships to changes in brain structure.
    Chronic alcoholism produces cognitive and motor deficits, which may be reversible with sobriety. Abstinent alcoholics improve substantially in brain functions such as delayed recall, visuospatial function, attention, gait, and balance. [more]

  146. Brain morphological changes and early marijuana use: an MRI and PET study.
    Age at which exposure to marijuana begins is important: those who start before 17 show smaller whole brain and percent cortical gray matter and larger percent white matter volumes than those starting after 17. [more]

  147. Two-year mental health service use and course of remission in patients with substance use and posttraumatic stress disorders.
    PTSD-focused treatment services are an essential treatment component for substance abuse/dependence patients with PTSD. [more]

  148. Psychiatric symptoms among clients seeking treatment for drug dependence.
    Psychiatric symptom levels are often high in substance abusers and psychiatric symptoms are more closely linked to polydrug use than to opiate use. [more]

  149. Orbitofrontal cortex and human drug abuse: functional imaging.
    Activity in the orbitofrontal cortex and its connections plays a role in the maladaptive behavior of substance abuse, including expectancy, craving and impaired judgment. [more]

  150. Risk factors for adolescent substance abuse and dependence: data from a national sample.
    Teens have increased risk for current substance abuse when they have been physically or sexually assaulted, witnessed violence, or had family members with alcohol or drug use problems. [more]

  151. Neuropsychological deficits in sober alcoholics
    Alcoholics were impaired on the Shipley Vocabulary and Abstraction tests and on the Digit Symbol test. Chronicity of alcohol abuse played no factor in these deficits. [more]